Equity-related 'knots' in theory of change development: Conceptualization and case illustrations.

Theory of change (ToC) is an approach widely used to guide planning, implementing, and evaluating change initiatives. While there is substantial guidance, there has been little attention on equity within ToC research and practice. We propose and illustrate the metaphor of 'knots' to frame practical and ethical challenges that arise when centering equity within ToC processes. Drawing on our experiences using a ToC approach in two case examples, we identify and illustrate five equity-related knots: (a) clarify root causes, pathways, and success; (b) facilitate participation across power and perspective differences; (c) integrate research evidence and practitioner knowledge; (d) represent complex change visually; and (e) creatively navigate constraints. We show why framing these as knots can help practitioners make wise judgments within the circumstances and close with recommendations for including knots in ToC processes, reporting, and guidance.

Diagnóstico de calidad de los resúmenes de tesis de maestría en enfermería / Quality diagnosis in abstracts of master's thesis in nursing

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar las dimensiones de estructura del resumen y referencias bibliográficas en la calidad de las tesis de los graduados de 2015 a 2020 de la maestría en Enfermería de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Materiales y Métodos: Investigación cuantitativa, descriptiva y analítica. La muestra no probabilística estuvo integrada por 96 tesis de nivel maestría de cinco generaciones de graduados 2015-2020. El instrumento se conforma por 30 ítems, se adaptó al contexto del posgrado y fue validado por expertos en cuanto a claridad en la redacción, congruencia con la dimensión a valorar y pertinencia. Se llevó a cabo un estudio piloto en una población similar a la del estudio (14 tesis de posgrado). en las cinco dimensiones consideradas en la escala. Se utilizó la Correlación de Spearman para establecer una relación de las dimensiones y la calidad del resumen de la tesis. Se utilizó el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 21. Resultados: Las correlaciones obtenidas son positivas en todos los casos. La dimensión contenido y organización presenta una mayor correlación con las de resultados y metodología y la más fuerte con las referencias bibliográficas respecto a las otras dimensiones. La dimensión metodología obtuvo mayor significancia con resultados y discusión. La dimensión de resultados con la de metodología y la de contenido y organización. La dimensión de discusión con las dimensiones de resultados y metodología. Conclusiones: El diagnóstico permitió identificar que el resumen es fundamental para visibilizar la producción de tesis de la Maestría en Enfermería en bases de datos científicas. La estructura clara y homologada de los resúmenes y de las referencias bibliográficas es un criterio importante en la autoevaluación del programa.

Abstract Objective: Analyze the structure dimensions of the summary and bibliographic references in the quality of the theses of graduates from 2015 to 2020 of the master's degree in Nursing from the National Autonomous University of Mexico. Materials and methods: Quantitative, descriptive and analytical research. The non-probabilistic sample consisted of 96 master's level theses from five generations of graduates 2015-2020. The instrument is made up of 30 items, it was adapted to the postgraduate context and was validated by experts in terms of clarity in the wording, congruence with the dimension to be assessed and relevance. A pilot study was carried out in a population similar to that of the study (14 postgraduate theses). in the five dimensions considered in the scale. Spearman's Correlation was used to establish a relationship between the dimensions and the quality of the thesis summary. The statistical package SPSS version 21 was used. Results: The correlations obtained are positive in all cases. The content and organization dimension presents a greater correlation with those of results and methodology and the strongest with the bibliographical references with respect to the other dimensions. The methodology dimension obtained greater significance with results and discussion. The dimension of results with that of methodology and that of content and organization. The discussion dimension with the dimensions of results and methodology. Conclusions: The diagnosis made it possible to identify that the summary is essential to make visible the production of the Master's theses in Nursing in scientific databases. The clear and approved structure of the abstracts and bibliographical references is an important criterion in the self-evaluation of the program.

Optimal Steps for designing and implementing the extracurriculars through the integrative medical approach.

Extracurriculars are those that fall outside the scope of the academic curriculum. The purpose of the work is to outline the steps of planning extracurriculars, practice these steps in the medical program, and evaluate these steps. Methods: Using Kern's steps with some modifications, we did some extracurricular reforms. Assessment of the current situation/needs and identification of gaps have been occurred by a questionnaire that revealed low students' satisfaction (36.1%) about the current extracurriculars with points of weakness that have been addressed in the improvement plan. A list of extracurriculars was prepared and aligned with modules and learning outcomes. Allocation of resources and implementation of these extracurriculars were performed. The evaluation was done through a questionnaire that was fulfilled by 404 students. Results: Students' satisfaction was 66.8% in the second questionnaire compared to 36% in the initial questionnaire with a significant association. Further analysis of the respondents who revealed satisfaction showed that 95 out of 140 (67.8%) were high-grade achievers, 88 out of 134 (65.7%) for moderate, and 87 out of 130 (66.9%) in low-grade achievers. A comparison of the student's satisfaction in the three phases revealed a significant p-value (0.004), but no significance in students' satisfaction within phases of the program between males and females. Conclusion: Well-structured extracurriculars might contribute to the achievement of the mission, vision, and goals of the program. Extracurricular activities might be flexible and undergo periodic changes related to the nature of the curriculum. Following the cycle of developing extracurricular activities in designing, implementing, monitoring, evaluating, and reporting, the extracurricular activities will be more efficient in enhancing the learning climate and making the learning process more enjoyable, especially in a solid medical integrated curriculum.

Learning effectiveness of energy education in junior high schools: Implementation of action research and the predict-observe-explain model to STEM course.

This study designed an interdisciplinary energy education course that enables students to learn about wind power topics by following the predict-observe-explain (POE) model. Two rounds of action research involving eighth-grade students from a junior high school in Taiwan were conducted. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the inquiry-based model in an interdisciplinary energy education course and provide the observations as a reference for implementing fundamental education in energy-related domains. Pretest and posttest questionnaire responses were analyzed using the paired-sample t-test, and we discovered that (1) the POE inquiry-based model promoted independent and deep thinking and facilitated the acquisition of interdisciplinary energy knowledge; (2) the POE inquiry-based process boosted the students' self-confidence, gave them a sense of achievement, and prolonged their learning interest; and (3) the provision of simple steps and guidelines enabled the students to develop inquiry plans independently through practice and teamwork and without being limited by the scope of a given academic discipline. We also discovered that, through practice, the students could produce excellent detailed records within a limited time frame, even including students who were inattentive in class.

Pruebas de Estado de Educación Superior y Educación Médica en Colombia / State Tests for Higher Education and Medical Education in Colombia

Introducción: En Colombia, las pruebas de Estado para la evaluación de la calidad de los programas de educación superior (Saber Pro) tienen por objeto evaluar los conocimientos y capacidades profesionales de todos los estudiantes que han cumplido la mayoría de los créditos en sus programas académicos. Adicionalmente, estas pruebas son un requisito complementario al internado rotatorio para graduarse como profesional en medicina. Sin embargo, existen cuestionamientos relacionados con su utilidad en el ejercicio laboral y la articulación de estas pruebas con la formación médica. Objetivo: Establecer la coherencia entre la prueba Saber Pro y la educación médica. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión narrativa, mediante la búsqueda en PubMed, Ovid, Elsevier, SciELO y la normativa del contexto colombiano. Resultados: De acuerdo con la búsqueda realizada, existe un número considerable de artículos que soportan la aplicación de esta prueba, fundamentados en resultados cualitativos que se relacionan con la adaptación de instrumentos de evaluación médica. Asimismo, algunas fuentes muestran la influencia que pueden tener las competencias evaluadas con indicadores de salud y otros aspectos del contexto nacional. Conclusiones: Pese al número limitado de estudios que permitan dar conclusiones de carácter cuantitativo, existe evidencia sobre la utilidad y coherencia de la Prueba de Estado en el contexto nacional, de igual forma, se establece que la prueba Saber Pro puede garantizar estándares de calidad en los programas de educación superior y, con el paso del tiempo, ha contribuido al desarrollo de recomendaciones para la transformación de la educación médica en Colombia(AU)

Introduction: In Colombia, the state tests for evaluating the quality of higher education programs (Saber Pro) are intended to evaluate the professional knowledge and skills of all students who have completed the majority of credits in their academic programs. Additionally, these tests are a complementary requirement before the rotation internship for graduating as a medical professional. However, there are questions related to their usefulness in the occupational practice and the articulation of these tests with the medical training. Objective: To establish the coherence between the Saber Pro tests and medical education. Methods: A narrative review was carried out by means of a search in PubMed, Ovid, Elsevier, SciELO and the regulations of the Colombian context. Results: According to the search carried out, there is a considerable number of articles that support the application of this test, based on qualitative results related to the adaptation of medical evaluation instruments. Likewise, some sources show the influence that the assessed competences may have, by means of health indicators and other aspects of the national context. Conclusions: Despite the limited number of studies that allow provide quantitative conclusions, there is evidence on the usefulness and coherence of the state test in the national context; likewise, the Saber Pro test is concluded to be able to guarantee quality standards in higher education programs and, with the passage of time, has contributed to the development of recommendations for the transformation of medical education in Colombia(AU)

Perfil académico, percepción de competencias en estudiantes de enfermería y desempeño en el examen de grado basado en simulación de alta fidelidad

Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre perfil académico y la percepción de competencias en estudiantes de enfermería, con su desempeño en el examen de grado basado en simulación de alta fidelidad para la obtención del título de enfermera/o. Material y Método: Estudio cuantitativo, transversal y correlacional que siguió la guía STROBE. Midió variables del perfil académico (número de semestres cursados, asignaturas reprobadas, calificación de internado y al 8vo semestre) y la percepción de competencias en una muestra probabilística de 101 estudiantes de enfermería previo al examen de grado basado en simulación clínica de alta fidelidad. Luego se relacionaron con la calificación obtenida en el examen de grado. Resultados: El 36,6% de los estudiantes tardó 14 o más semestres en completar la carrera, y 52,4% tuvo más de 5 asignaturas reprobadas. En el 8vo semestre, el 58,4% obtuvo calificación suficiente. Durante el internado, el 55,4% tuvo calificación muy buena, el 94% percibió sus competencias como buenas o excelente antes del examen de grado y en el examen de grado, el 67,1% obtuvo calificación muy buena y 6,9% sobresaliente. Se encontraron relaciones significativas entre percepción de competencias del estudiante y calificación del examen de grado (p= 0,012), y entre calificación del internado y examen de grado (p= 0,029). No hubo relaciones significativas entre semestres cursados, asignaturas reprobadas y promedio al 8vo semestre con calificación del examen de grado. Conclusiones: Antes del examen de grado, los estudiantes de enfermería perciben su competencia como excelente o buena. Esto se relaciona con calificación en este examen y del internado. La calificación del examen de grado no se relaciona con los semestres cursados, nota al 8vo semestre, ni asignaturas reprobadas.

Objective: To analyze the relationship between academic profile, perception of competence in nursing students, with their performance in the final exam, based on high-fidelity simulation. Material and Method: A quantitative, cross-sectional, and correlational study following the STROBE guidelines. The study measured academic profile variables (number of semesters completed, failed subjects, internship grade and 8th semester grade) and the perception of competence in a probabilistic sample of 101 nursing students, prior to the final exam, based on high-fidelity clinical simulation. They were then related to the final exam grades. Results: 36.6% of students took 14 or more semesters to graduate, and 52.4% had failed more than 5 subjects. In the 8th semester, 58.4% obtained a sufficient grade. During the internship, 55.4% received a very good grade. 94% of students perceived their competence as good or excellent before the final exam, and in the final exam, 67.1% had a very good grade, and 6.9% had an excellent grade. Significant relationships were found between students' perceptions of competence and final exam grades (p= 0.012), and between internship grades and final exam grades (p= 0.029). There were no significant relationships between semesters completed, failed subjects, and 8th semester grade with the final exam grade. Conclusion: Before the final exam, nursing students perceive their competence as excellent or good. This perception is related to their performance in the exam and during the internship. The final exam grade is not related to the number of semesters completed, the 8th semester grade or the failed subjects.

Objetivo: Analisar a relação entre o perfil académico, a percepção de competências dos estudantes de enfermagem e seu desempenho no exame de graduação, com base na simulação de alta fidelidade. Material e Método: Estudo quantitativo, transversal e correlacional que seguiu o guia STROBE. O estudo mediu variáveis de perfil académico (número de semestres cursados, disciplinas reprovadas, nota do estágio e nota do 8° semestre) e a percepção de competência em uma amostra probabilística de 101 estudantes de enfermagem, antes do exame de graduação, com base em simulação clínica de alta fidelidade. Em seguida, essas variáveis foram relacionadas com a nota do exame de graduação. Resultados: 36,6% dos estudantes levaram 14 semestres ou mais para concluir o programa de estudos, e 52,4% tiveram mais de 5 disciplinas reprovadas. No 8° semestre, 58,4% obtiveram uma nota suficiente. Durante o estágio, 55,4% receberam uma nota muito boa. 94% dos estudantes perceberam suas competências como boas ou excelentes antes do exame de graduação. No exame de graduação, 67,1% obtiveram uma nota muito boa e 6,9% uma nota excelente. Foram encontradas relações significativas entre a percepção de competência do estudante e a nota do exame de graduação (p= 0,012), e entre a nota do estágio e o exame de graduação (p= 0,029). Não houve relações significativas entre semestres cursados, disciplinas reprovadas e a nota do 8° semestre com a nota do exame de graduação. Conclusão: Antes do exame de graduação, os estudantes de enfermagem percebem suas competências como excelentes ou boas. Isso está relacionado com a nota neste exame e no estágio. A nota do exame de graduação não está relacionada com os semestres cursados, a nota no 8° semestre ou as disciplinas reprovadas.

Construção e validação de um instrumento de avaliação de cursos na modalidade a distância / Construction and validation of an evaluation instrument for distance learning courses / Construcción y validación de un instrumento de evaluación para cursos a distancia

Objetivos: construir, validar e aplicar um instrumento de avaliação de cursos de nível superior ofertados na modalidade a distância. Método: estudo metodológico. Para a elaboração do instrumento realizou-se revisão de literatura. A validação do pré-teste se deu pela triangulação de especialistas e a do conteúdo pelo Método Delphi. Para a análise da confiabilidade adotou-se a análise fatorial confirmatória e o coeficiente de Correlação de Spearman a partir da aplicação em dois cursos a distância. Resultados: a partir de onze referenciais (nacionais e internacionais) foram estratificados 70 critérios e agrupados em seis categorias que foram modificados na triangulação. Dois ciclos compuseram a Técnica Delphi com 17 especialistas inicialmente e alfa de Cronbach de 0,80 na segunda rodada. Na análise fatorial confirmatória, realizada com 221 participantes, inicialmente, não gerou índices satisfatórios, resultando na exclusão de questões. O novo modelo ajustado, produziu índices próximos aos ideais: CFI = 0,806; TLI = 0,770 e RMSEA = 0,088 com associação positiva entre as variáveis, e melhor média (p<5%) quanto à correlação entre os aspectos práticos e a indicação do curso pelos discentes. Conclusão: o estudo produziu um instrumento validado e com a confiabilidade aferida que pode ser aplicado em cursos com diferentes desenhos pedagógicos e não se limita a uma área específica, uma relevante contribuição para a educação superior.

Objectives: To construct, validate and apply an instrument of evaluation of higher education courses offered in distance learning modality. Method: Methodologi- cal study. For the elaboration of the instrument, a literature review was carried out. The pre-test was validated by expert triangulation and the content was validated by the Delphi Method. For the reliability analysis we adopted the confirmatory factor analysis and Spe- arman's Correlation coefficient from the application in two distance learning courses. Re- sults: from eleven references (national and international) 70 criteria were stratified and grouped into six categories that were modified in the triangulation. Two rounds compri- sed the Delphi Technique with 17 experts initially and Cronbach's alpha of 0.80 in the second round. The confirmatory factor analysis, performed with 221 participants, did not initially generate satisfactory indexes, resulting in the exclusion of questions. The new adjusted model produced close to ideal indexes: CFI = 0.806; TLI = 0.770 and RMSEA regarding the correlation between practical aspects and students' recommendation of the course. Conclusion: the study produced a validated instrument with gauged reliability that can be applied in courses with different pedagogical designs and is not limited to a spe- cific area, a relevant contribution to higher education.

Objetivos: Construir, validar y aplicar un instrumento de evaluación de cur- sos de educación superior ofrecidos en la modalidad a distancia. Método: Estudio meto- dológico. Para la elaboración del instrumento se realizó una revisión bibliográfica. El pre- test fue validado por triangulación de expertos y el contenido fue validado por el Método Delphi. Para el análisis de fiabilidad adoptamos el análisis factorial confirmatorio y el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman a partir de la aplicación en dos cursos a distancia. Resultados: a partir de once referencias (nacionales e internacionales) se estratificaron 70 criterios que se agruparon en seis categorías que se modificaron en la triangulación. Se realizaron dos rondas con la técnica Delphi con 17 expertos inicialmente y un alfa de Cronbach de 0,80 en la segunda ronda. El análisis factorial confirmatorio, realizado con 221 par-ticipantes, no generó inicialmente índices satisfactorios, lo que dio lugar a la ex- clusión de preguntas. El nuevo modelo ajustado produjo índices cercanos al ideal: CFI = 0,806; TLI = 0,770 y RMSEA = 0,088 con una asociación positiva entre las variables, y una media mejor (p<5%) en cuanto a la correlación entre los aspectos prácticos y la re- comendación del curso por parte de los alumnos. Conclusión: el estudio produjo un ins- trumento validado con confiabilidad medida, que puede ser aplicado en cursos con dife- rentes diseños pedagógicos y no se limita a un área específica, una contribución relevante para la educación superior.

Brecha en matemáticas según sexo Caso: universitarios de Colombia / Lacuna entre os sexos em matemática. Caso: estudantes universitários colombianos / Gap in math by gender. Case: university students from Colombia

Resumen Se analiza la brecha por sexo en matemáticas (razonamiento cuantitativo) en universitarios de Colombia, con base en los resultados de las pruebas estatales de salida de la educación superior Saber Pro, 2018; incluyendo el factor regional. A partir de una modelación cuantílica y una descomposición Juhn-Murphy-Pierce; se identifica la existencia y persistencia de una brecha por sexo en el área evaluada, y diferencias entre las regiones Andina y Caribe. Se destaca: favorabilidad hacia los hombres; importancia de las características educativas e institucionales; importancia de las matemáticas de secundaria (explican cerca del 25% del diferencial); ampliación de la brecha en los cuartiles más altos; v) heterogeneidad regional de la brecha, ampliada por la interacción sexo-región.

Resumo A diferença de gênero em matemática (raciocínio quantitativo) entre estudantes universitários na Colômbia é analisada, com base nos resultados dos exames de saída do ensino superior estadual Saber Pro 2018, incluindo o fator regional. Com base na modelização de quantis e numa decomposição Juhn-Murphy-Pierce, identificamos a existência e persistência de uma diferença de gênero na área avaliada, bem como diferenças entre as regiões andinas e das Caraíbas. Destacam-se: favorabilidade em relação aos homens; importância das características educacionais e institucionais; importância da matemática secundária (explicando cerca de 25% do diferencial); alargamento da lacuna nos quartis mais altos; e heterogeneidade regional da lacuna, amplificada pela interação gênero-região.

Abstract The paper analyzes the gender gap in mathematics (quantitative reasoning) among Colombian university students, based on the results of the State higher education exit tests Saber Pro, 2018; including the regional factor. Based on a quantile modeling and a Juhn-Murphy-Pierce decomposition, the study identifies the existence and persistence of a gender gap in the evaluated area and differences between the Andean and Caribbean regions. The most remarkable points include: favouring men; importance of educational and institutional characteristics; importance of secondary mathematics (accounting for about 25% of the differential); widening of the gap in the highest quartiles; and regional heterogeneity of the gap, widened by gender-region interaction.

Development and pilot evaluation of an educational session to support sparing opioid prescriptions to opioid naïve patients in a Canadian primary care setting.

BACKGROUND: Prescribing rates of some analgesics decreased during the public health crisis. Yet, up to a quarter of opioid-naïve persons prescribed opioids for noncancer pain develop prescription opioid use disorder. We, therefore, sought to evaluate a pilot educational session to support primary care-based sparing of opioid analgesics for noncancer pain among opioid-naïve patients in British Columbia (BC). METHODS: Therapeutics Initiative in BC has launched an audit and feedback intervention. Individual prescribing portraits were mailed to opioid prescribers, followed by academic detailing webinars. The webinars' learning outcomes included defining the terms opioid naïve and opioid sparing, and educating attendees on the (lack of) evidence for opioid analgesics to treat noncancer pain. The primary outcome was change in knowledge measured by four multiple-choice questions at the outset and conclusion of the webinar. RESULTS: Two hundred participants attended four webinars; 124 (62%) responded to the knowledge questions. Community-based primary care professionals (80/65%) from mostly urban settings (77/62%) self-identified as family physicians (46/37%), residents (22/18%), nurse practitioners (24/19%), and others (32/26%). Twelve participants (10%) recalled receiving the individualized portraits. While the correct identification of opioid naïve definitions increased by 23%, the correct identification of opioid sparing declined by 7%. Knowledge of the gaps in high-quality evidence supporting opioid analgesics and risk tools increased by 26% and 35%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The educational session outlined in this pilot yielded mixed results but appeared acceptable to learners and may need further refinement to become a feasible way to train professionals to help tackle the current toxic drugs crisis.

What counts? The critical role of qualitative data in teachers' decision making.

The push for data-based decision making in schools has largely centered on the use of quantitative data to inform technical-rational processes of teachers' decision making. Previous attention to teachers' reliance on qualitative data - particularly unsystematically collected qualitative data - tends to focus on their use of intuition and is often characterized as a counter to evidence based inquiry. Limited research, however, has been conducted to understand how teachers actually apply available data within their classrooms, the factors that shape teachers' decision making, or what they consider credible in assessing their students' progress and achievement. In this collective case study, 15 teachers from three high schools discuss how they exercise professional judgment and make instructional decisions based on qualitative evidence. It takes an intentionally grounded approach to exploring the many data points that teachers draw upon as they face decision moments in their daily practice. In interviews and observations over the course of one school year, teachers describe various types of qualitative data that shed light on students' experiences as they undertake processes of learning. As these teachers glean bits and pieces of systematically and unsystematically collected qualitative data, including informal, undocumented data through conversations and observation, these data inspire reflective questioning and hypotheses about their instructional practice. While student progress should not be wholly assessed based on qualitative data, the findings show that we must acknowledge the inevitable and critical role these data play in guiding teachers' actions and informing their professional judgment. The persistent integration of qualitative data - though sometimes pointed to as a threat to rational decision-making processes - instead confirms a reliance upon them in guiding classroom instruction and a need to ensure their appropriate use.

Formação em educação física no contexto de saúde pública nos melhores cursos do Brasil / The formation of physical education in public health in the best courses in Brazil

RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi revisar projetos pedagógicos (PP) para identificar a formação do profissional de Educação Física (PEF) (Bacharelado) no contexto de Saúde Pública nos melhores cursos do Brasil. Foram selecionados os 10 melhores cursos de graduação em EF ranqueados em dois sistemas de avaliações nacionais (Exame Nacional de Desempenho na Educação e Ranking Universitário Folha) e as 10 melhores Universidades num ranking internacional (QS World University Rankings). Mediante revisão rápida foram extraídas informações dos PPs de 18 cursos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Trinta e seis disciplinas no contexto de Saúde Pública foram localizadas nas grades curriculares. Em relação a carga horária média menos de 1% da grade eletiva dos cursos era dedicada a disciplinas sobre Saúde Pública. O estudo revelou um cenário de formação de Bacharéis em EF distante do crescimento que a área demonstrou no campo da Saúde Pública nos últimos anos. É importante que os cursos de graduação em EF considerem uma formação específica no contexto da Saúde Pública, de modo a favorecer a consolidação da atuação do PEF e a qualidade do seu serviço na Atenção Primária à Saúde.

ABSTRACT The purpose of the study was to review pedagogical projects (PP) to identify the formation of the Physical Education professionals (PEF) in the context of Public Health in the best courses in Brazil. Methods: The 10 best PE undergraduate courses ranked in two national assessment systems were selected (National Education Performance Examination and Folha University Ranking) and the 10 best Universities in an international ranking (QS World University Rankings). Through a quick review, information was extracted from the PPs of 18 courses that met the inclusion criteria. Thirty-six subjects in the context of public health were located in the curricula. Regarding the average workload, less than 1% of the elective course schedule was dedicated to subjects on Public Health. The study revealed a scenario for the formation of Bachelors in PE far from the growth that the area has shown in the field of Public Health in recent years. It is important that PE undergraduate courses consider specific training in the context of Public Health, in order to favor the consolidation of the PEF's performance and the quality of its service in Primary Health Care.

Implementación de las escalas de evaluación formativa OSATS en habilidades técnicas aplicadas en el laboratorio de microcirugía / Implementation of the OSATS training assessment scales in technical skills applied in the microsurgery laboratory

Introducción. La simulación como estrategia de aprendizaje activo se ha constituido en una herramienta centrada en el estudiante, para la construcción de aprendizajes en entornos seguros y el perfeccionamiento de sus habilidades técnicas. La evaluación objetiva estructurada de habilidades técnicas (OSATS, por sus siglas en inglés) es una herramienta evaluativa en el área quirúrgica, que puede ser implementada en los programas en microcirugía. Métodos. Estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal y doble ciego, donde se incluyeron 34 estudiantes de especialidades quirúrgicas, quienes fueron evaluados mediante los OSATS para los módulos finales: módulo 1: disección vascular; módulo 2: ejecución de sutura de puntos independientes; y módulo 3: ejercicios de revascularización. Al finalizar la materia, los estudiantes evaluaron la implementación de esta metodología por medio de una encuesta de satisfacción. Resultados. La evaluación del diseño de la guía práctica tipo OSATS por los estudiantes fue satisfactoria (88,2 %). Al evaluar la actividad de disección y sutura en microcirugía la consideraron de gran utilidad (88,2 %), para los ejercicios de anastomosis y revascularización (aprobación del 79,5 %). La aplicabilidad práctica y la calidad de los ejercicios mediante guías de evaluación OSATS tuvieron 94,2 % de aceptación. Conclusión. Las escalas OSATS son un instrumento útil, valido y objetivo para el modelo de evaluación por competencias en habilidades técnicas, que puede ser implementado en los modelos de enseñanza en simulación, contando con confiabilidad, validez de contenido y de constructo. Es aplicable en los programas de microcirugía, con una percepción positiva por parte de los estudiantes.

Introduction. Simulation as an active learning strategy has become a student-centered tool for the construction of learning in safe environments and the improvement of their technical skills. The Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS) is an evaluation tool in the surgical area, which can be implemented in microsurgery programs. Methods. Descriptive, cross-sectional and double-blind study, which included 34 students from surgical specialties, who were evaluated through the OSATS for the final modules: module 1: vascular dissection; module 2: execution of independent sutures; module 3: revascularization exercises. At the end of the course, the students evaluated the implementation of this methodology under evaluation by means of a satisfaction survey. Results. The evaluation of the design of the practical guide OSATS-type by the students was satisfactory (88.2%). When evaluating the dissection and suturing activity in microsurgery, they consider it very useful (88.2%), for anastomosis exercises and revascularization exercise (79.5% approval). The practical applicability and quality of the exercises using OSATS evaluation guides had 94.2% acceptance.Conclusion. The OSATS scales are a useful, valid and objective instrument for the evaluation model for technical skills, which can be implemented in simulation teaching models, with reliability, content and construct validity. It is applicable in microsurgery programs, with a positive perception by students.

Percepção do ambiente educacional por alunos de uma universidade pública do Nordeste brasileiro / Perception of the educational environment by students from a public university in Northeastern Brazil

Resumo: Introdução: A qualidade do ambiente de ensino é fundamental para um aprendizado efetivo na formação profissional. Objetivo: Esta pesquisa buscou identificar e comparar a percepção dos estudantes de cinco cursos diferentes de ciências da saúde acerca do ambiente educacional. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, analítico, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado com 277 alunos dos cursos de Fisioterapia, Enfermagem, Medicina, Terapia Ocupacional e Fonoaudiologia, matriculados no ano de 2019, em uma universidade pública. Foi utilizado o instrumento Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) que possui 50 questões fechadas, pontuadas numa escala Likert, que, ao final, avaliarão cinco domínios do ambiente educacional (aprendizado, professores, acadêmico, atmosfera e social). Para a comparação das médias da pontuação geral, dos itens individuais e dos domínios entre os cursos, utilizou-se o teste de Kruskal-Wallis (intervalo de confiança de 95%). O método de Dunn foi usado como análise pós-teste das comparações múltiplas. Resultado: A percepção geral dos estudantes sobre seu ambiente educacional demonstrou ser "mais positiva que negativa". As médias dos domínios aprendizado, professores, atmosfera e social apresentaram diferenças entre os cursos (p < 0,05). O suporte aos estudantes estressados foi o item com média mais baixa da pesquisa em todos os cursos (p < 0,05). A graduação em Medicina mostrou ter aspectos preocupantes quanto à percepção do aprendizado. Enfermagem foi o curso mais bem avaliado em relação à percepção geral do ambiente educacional. Os cursos de Fisioterapia e Fonoaudiologia mostraram áreas que merecem atenção no tocante à percepção das relações sociais acadêmicas. Por fim, o curso de Terapia Ocupacional evidenciou áreas preocupantes quanto à percepção dos estudantes sobre o ensino, os professores, o desempenho acadêmico e a atmosfera do curso. Conclusão: Demonstrou-se que há diferenças na percepção do ambiente de ensino pelos alunos entre os cursos avaliados. Entretanto, o ambiente educacional de todos os cursos foi avaliado de maneira mais positiva que negativa. A falta de suporte aos estudantes estressados é a área mais preocupante neste estudo. Assim, o conhecimento da percepção dos acadêmicos sobre o ambiente educacional pode oferecer maior direcionamento na busca pela qualidade da educação superior em saúde.

Abstract: Introduction: The quality of the educational environment is essential for effective learning in professional training. Objective: This research sought to identify and compare the educational environment perception of students from five different courses in health sciences graduation. Method: Cross-sectional, analytical study, quantitative approach, with 277 students from the courses of Physiotherapy, Nursing, Medicine, Occupational Therapy and Speech Therapy, enrolled in 2019, at a public university. The Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) instrument was used. This inventory has 50 closed questions punctuated on a Likert scale, which at the end, will assess five domains of the educational environment (learning, teachers, academic, atmosphere and social). The Kruskal-Wallis test was used (confidence interval of 95%) to compare the averages of the general score, individual items and domains between courses. Dunn's method was used to multiply comparisons post hoc analyses. Result: The students' general perception of their educational environment proved to be "more positive than negative". The averages of learning, teachers, atmosphere and social domains presented differences between the courses (p < 0.05). The research lowest average item was support for stressed students (p < 0.05). The Medical Graduation showed worrying aspects regarding the perception of learning. Nursing was the best rated course in relation to the general perception of the educational environment. The Physiotherapy and Speech Therapy courses showed areas that deserve attention with regard to the perception of academic social relationships. Finally, the Occupational Therapy course highlighted areas of concern regarding the perception of students about teaching, teachers, academic performance and the atmosphere of the course. Conclusion: There are important differences in the perception of the educational environment by students between the courses evaluated. However, all the courses rated the educational environment more positively than negatively. The lack of support for stressed students is the most worrying area. Therefore, the knowledge of the students' perception of the educational environment can offer greater direction in the search for the quality of education in health sciences professions.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in pregnant women: creation and validation of a checklist to evaluate the nursing practice / Reanimación cardiopulmonar en mujeres embarazadas: elaboración y validación de una checklist para evaluar la práctica de enfermería / Ressuscitação cardiopulmonar em gestantes: construção e validação de checklist para avaliar prática da enfermagem

ABSTRACT Objective to create and validate a checklist to evaluate the Nursing practice in cardiopulmonary resuscitation in pregnant women. Method a methodological study developed from May to August 2019, conducted from creation of the instrument and content validation in charge of 11 nurses specialized in Urgencies and Emergencies and 12 obstetric nurses. A Likert-type scale was used to assess language, clarity, objectivity, content, relevance and pertinence of the instrument. The validation criterion was agreement above 80%, analyzed by means of the Content Validation Index and the Binomial Test. Results the final version of the instrument consisted of 54 questions that contemplated the sequence of actions to be adopted by the health professionals in the face of obstetric cardiopulmonary arrests. The minimum agreement level obtained was 91% and the mean Content Validity Index was 0.99. Conclusion the validated instrument can be used by professors involved in the teaching of obstetric cardiopulmonary arrest and contribute to the assessment of skills in the Nursing practice, to be carried out in research studies that test the effectiveness of educational interventions and training sessions.

RESUMEN Objetivo elaborar y validar una checklist para evaluar la práctica de Enfermería en reanimación cardiopulmonar en mujeres embarazadas. Método estudio metodológico, desarrollado de mayo a agosto de 2019, realizado a partir de la elaboración del instrumento y la validación de su contenido a cargo de 11 enfermeros especializados en Urgencias y Emergencias y de otros 12 especializados en Obstetricia. Se utilizó una escala de tipo Likert para evaluar el lenguaje, la claridad, la objetividad, el contenido, la relevancia y la pertinencia del instrumento. El criterio de validación correspondió a concordancia superior al 80%, analizada por medio del Índice de Validez de Contenido y de la Prueba Binomial. Resultados la versión final del instrumento estuvo conformada por 54 preguntas que contemplaron la secuencia de acciones que deben realizar los profesionales de la salud ante una parada cardiorrespiratoria obstétrica. La concordancia mínima obtenida fue del 91% y el valor medio del Índice de Validez de Contenido fue 0,99. Conclusión el instrumento validado puede ser utilizado por docentes que se dedican a enseñar el tema de Parada cardiorrespiratoria obstétrica y contribuir con la evaluación de las habilidades en la práctica de Enfermería, a ser realizada en trabajos de investigación que ponga a prueba la efectividad de intervenciones educativas y programas de capacitación.

RESUMO Objetivo construir e validar checklist para avaliar a prática da enfermagem na ressuscitação cardiopulmonar em gestantes. Método estudo metodológico, desenvolvido de maio a agosto de 2019 realizado a partir da construção do instrumento e validação de conteúdo por 11 enfermeiros especialistas em urgência e emergência e 12 em obstetrícia. Foi utilizada escala do tipo Likert, acerca da linguagem, clareza, objetividade, conteúdo, relevância e pertinência instrumento. O critério de validação foi concordância superior a 80%, analisada mediante o Índice de Validação de Conteúdo e do Teste Binomial. Resultados a versão final do instrumento foi composta por 54 questões que contemplaram a sequência de condutas a serem adotadas pelo profissional de saúde, diante de uma parada cardiorrespiratória obstétrica. A concordância mínima obtida foi de 91% e a média do Índice de Validação de Conteúdo foi de 0,99. Conclusão o instrumento validado pode ser utilizado por docentes envolvidos no ensino da parada cardiorrespiratória obstétrica e contribuir com a avaliação da habilidade na prática da enfermagem, a ser realizada em pesquisas que testem a efetividade de intervenções educativas e treinamentos.

Teste de Progresso como ferramenta de intervenção curricular na implementação de um curso de Medicina / Progress Test as a curricular interventional tool in the implementation of a medical course

Resumo: Introdução: O Teste de Progresso (TP) é uma modalidade de avaliação longitudinal composta por questões de múltipla escolha que permite a avaliação do estudante com realização do feedback individual e a análise do processo de ensino-aprendizagem institucional. O presente estudo relata a experiência do uso do TP como ferramenta de gestão e aprendizado na implementação de um curso de Medicina de currículo integrado e baseado em metodologias ativas. Relato de experiência: Desde 2014, o curso de Medicina de uma capital do país utiliza o TP como ferramenta de avaliação para estimular a autonomia do estudante, baseado em seu desempenho longitudinal, possibilitar ao docente a reflexão e ação adequadas ao processo de ensino-aprendizagem e fornecer elementos significativos para a tomada de decisão institucional relacionada à adequação curricular e à implementação do curso. Com diversas estratégias, como a formação de uma Comissão de Avaliação do Estudante e do Curso (Caec), oficinas com professores e estudantes e consórcios interinstitucionais, os atores que compõem o curso refletem seu papel na consolidação do conhecimento para o futuro profissional médico e se engajam nesse processo em diferentes momentos e de diferentes formas. Discussão: O TP é uma ferramenta com potenciais e limites que devem considerar a segurança, a confiabilidade e validade da avaliação, utilizando-se de estratégias qualificadoras, incluindo o ambiente virtual. O TP possibilita a autodeterminação e o autoaperfeiçoamento do estudante, do docente e do curso ao estabelecer comparações entre médias de desempenho longitudinais dos discentes em diversos estágios de aprendizado e instituições. Conclusão: A experiência demonstrou a importância do TP como ferramenta de avaliação e trouxe vantagens e benefícios na implantação do curso e orientação de intervenções para a melhoria do processo de ensino-aprendizagem.

Abstract Introduction: The Progress Test (PT) is a longitudinal assessment modality composed of multiple-choice questions and allows the assessment of the student with individual feedback and the analysis of the institutional teaching-learning process. The present study aims at reporting the experience of using the progress test as a management and learning tool in the implementation of a medical course with an integrated curriculum based on active methodologies. Experience report: Since 2014, a medical school in a capital of the country uses the PT as an assessment tool to stimulate student autonomy, based on their longitudinal performance, allowing the teacher to reflect on and take the appropriate actions aimed at the teaching and learning process and providing significant elements for institutional decision-making related to curricular adequacy and course implementation. Using several strategies, such as the formation of a student and course evaluation committee (CAEC), workshops with teachers and students and inter-institutional consortia, the actors that make up the course reflect on their role in consolidating knowledge for the future medical professional and engage in this process at different times and in different ways. Discussion: The progress test is a tool with potentials and limits that must consider the safety, reliability and validity of the evaluation, using qualifying strategies, including the virtual environment. The PT enables the students, the faculty and the course self-determination and self-improvement by establishing comparisons between longitudinal performance averages of students at different stages of learning and institutions. Conclusion: The experience demonstrated the importance of the PT as an evaluation tool, brought advantages and benefits in the course implementation and guidance on interventions aimed at improving the teaching-learning process.

Portfólio como estratégia de ensino, aprendizagem e avaliação: percepção de discentes e docentes de Odontologia / Portfolio as teaching, learning and evaluation strategy: perception of students and professors

O objetivodo presente estudo foianalisar a percepção de estudantes e professores de odontologia, a respeito do processo de construção e apresentação do portfólio reflexivo enquanto estratégia de ensino, aprendizagem e avaliação, na disciplina Clínica Integrada do Curso de Odontologia daUniversidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS).Trata-sede um estudo transversal de natureza qualitativa descritiva, cuja coleta de dados se deu durante o período letivo do semestre 2014/1. A população do estudo foram os professores da referida disciplina, bem como os estudantes matriculados no semestre em que a pesquisa foi desenvolvida. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meiode entrevista semiestruturada, contendo nove questões para estudantes e setepara professores. Os dados foram avaliados a partir do método de Análise de Conteúdo.Para apresentação dos resultados foram elaboradas trêshipóteses: 1. O uso do portfólio constitui uma estratégia que favorece maior compreensão por estudantes e professores a respeito do que foi ensinado e,consequentemente,índices mais elevados de aprendizagem significativa; 2. O portfólio se constitui um instrumento facilitador no processo de reelaboração do conhecimento por estudantes e professores, oferecendo oportunidade de reflexão sobre o progresso dos estudantes, além de contribuir para a autoavaliação tanto do corpo docente quanto discente; 3. A aplicação do portfólio favorece uma gestão participativa na estratégia de avaliação formativa, em que o docente, enquanto sujeito facilitador do processo de construção do conhecimento reflexivo, possibilita ao estudante desenvolver as competências de autonomia, independência, criatividade e autocrítica. Dessa forma aconstrução do portfólio por estagiários em Clínica Integrada Odontológica se constitui um potente indutor e potencializador do trabalho em equipe, se estabelecendo como estratégia educacional que permite (re)significar e aprofundar o conhecimento, ao tempo que propicia a consolidação do aprendizado. A construção do portfólioclínico exige do estudante um nívelde reflexão crítica que favorece o crescimento do estudante, enquanto cidadão e futuro profissional; estimulando a participação ativa nos acontecimentos do mundo real, principalmente aqueles ligados à saúde. O portfólio acadêmico pode ser admitido como estratégia de ensino, aprendizagem e avaliação formativa, crítica, reflexiva, criativaedialética,que estimula e valoriza a participação do aluno. Ademais, a utilização do portfólio no estágio em Odontologia é uma maneira de ampliar, (re)pensar e inovar o ensino de graduação na perspectiva de um instrumento/estratégia de estimulação do pensamento acadêmico (AU).

This study aimed to analyze the perception of students and professors of dentistry, regarding the creation and presentation of the reflective portfolio such as teaching, learning, and evaluating strategy, in the Integrated Clinic of the Dentistry Course atthe Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS). It is a cross-sectional descriptive qualitative study, and the data collection was during the second semester of 2014. The subject of this study was the professors and the students enrolled in the semester. The data consisted of a semi-structured interview with nine questions for students and seven for professors. The data were analyzed by The Content Analysis method. Three hypotheses were tested to present the results; 1. The use of the portfolio is a strategy that helps the understanding by students and professors about what was taught and, consequently, higher levels of significant learning; 2. The portfolio is an instrument that facilitates the process of re-elaboration of knowledge by students and professors. Also, it offers an opportunity for reflection on the progress of students. Besides, it contributes to the self-assessment of both; 3. The application of the portfolio helps the participative management in the formative assessment strategy. Whilethe professor, who is a facilitator in the development of reflective knowledge, allows the student to develop autonomy, independence, creativity, and self-criticism skills.Thus, the creation of the portfolio by trainees of Integrated Dental Clinic is an inducer and enhancer of teamwork, being an educational strategy that enables a new meaning and deepens knowledge, at the same time, it gives the reinforcement of learning. The creation of the clinical portfolio requires a level of critical reflection that helps the development of the student, as a citizen and professional; encouraging active participation in real-world events, especially those related to health care. The academic portfolio can be established as a teaching, learning, and formative, critical,reflective, creative, and dialectical strategy that encourages and values student participation. The academic portfolio can be used as a teaching, learning, and formative, critical, reflective, creative, and dialectical strategy that encourages and valuesstudent participation. Also, in the Dentistry internship, it is a way to expand, rethink and innovate undergraduate education from the perspective of an instrument/strategy for stimulating academic thinking (AU).

Qualidade do cuidado em saúde e segurança do paciente: avaliação dos resultados de um programa de formação à distância / Quality in healthcare and patient safety: evaluation of the results of a distance learning program

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma análise dos resultados do Programa de Formação em Qualidade em Saúde e Segurança do Paciente (CQSSP) da Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Trata-se de uma abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa, transversal e descritiva, baseada no Modelo de Avaliação de Kirkpatrick. Os achados dimensionaram o êxito da proposta pedagógica do CQSSP com avaliação considerada positiva nos níveis de Reação, Aprendizagem, Comportamento e Resultados. A partir de análise da percepção de egressos, observou-se que 82% destes passaram a considerar plenamente a ocorrência de erro na prática do cuidado, 68% a incorporar os conhecimentos adquiridos à sua prática profissional, e 73% passaram a estudar e pesquisar temas relacionados à segurança do paciente. Inquérito captando o número de Núcleos de Segurança do Paciente ou instâncias equivalentes constituídos ou reformulados durante ou depois do CQSSP foi realizado. Avaliou-se, ainda, o grau de contribuição do curso na implementação dos protocolos e ações de Segurança do Paciente (SP) nos hospitais, refletindo, assim, a significativa contribuição do CQSSP para a segurança do paciente e qualidade do cuidado hospitalar.

Abstract This paper aims to present an analysis of the Quality in Health and Patient Safety Training Program (CQSSP) results of the Sérgio Arouca National School of Public Health. This is a quantitative, qualitative, cross-sectional, and descriptive study based on the Kirkpatrick's Evaluation Model. The findings provide us with a clearer picture of the success of the CQSSP pedagogical intent through a positive assessment for the Reaction, Learning, Behavioral, Results levels. From the analysis of the perception of the graduates, we observed that 82% of them started to fully consider the occurrence of an error in the provision of care, 68% incorporated the acquired knowledge into their professional practice, and 73% started to study and research themes related to Patient Safety (PS). We also conducted a survey on the number of Patient Safety Centers or equivalent bodies established or reformulated during or after the CQSSP. We also evaluated the extent of the contribution of the course in the implementation of Patient Safety protocols and actions in hospitals. The findings point to a significant contribution of the CQSSP to PS and the quality of hospital care.

Percepción docente de la evaluación en las prácticas clínicas de enfermería / Professors' perception about evaluation of clinical nursing practice

Introducción: La metaevaluación como instrumento en los procesos de calidad ha favorecido la toma de decisiones de las Instituciones de Educación Superior en cuanto a la mejora del proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje, al permitir un seguimiento de los discursos de la academia y su puesta en práctica por los docentes, por lo que se han encontrado nuevas interpretaciones del fenómeno evaluativo. Objetivo: Describir las percepciones de los profesores sobre la evaluación del programa de enfermería de la Universidad de Santander en el período académico B-2018 en la formación de la práctica clínica. Métodos: Investigación descriptiva, exploratoria y de tipo cualitativa. La población estuvo conformada por docentes de asignaturas teórico-prácticas del programa de enfermería de la Universidad de Santander. El muestreo fue intencionado-selección por criterios. Los datos recolectados se procesaron a través del software IRAMUTEQ. Resultados: El soporte del análisis lexical definió dos ejes temáticos, formados por cuatro clases semánticas. Estos fueron: Eje temático No. 1: Proceso cuantitativo a superar que contiene las clases 1 y 2 (Evaluación como calificación y Proceso de doble vía); y Eje temático No. 2: Pautas de valoración que contiene las clases 3 y 4 (Progreso centrado en el estudiante y Valoración final del hacer). Conclusiones: La percepción de los docentes frente a la evaluación de la práctica clínica de enfermería es considerada en términos de medición y calificación(AU)

Introduction: Meta-evaluation, as an instrument in quality processes, has permitted to support decision-making inhigher education institutions, with respect to improvement of the teaching-learning process, by allowing to followup academic discourses and their implementation by professors; in this scenario, new interpretations of the evaluation phenomenon have been found. Objective: To describe professors' perceptions about the evaluation of the Nursing program at University of Santander in the academic period B-2018 concerning clinical practice formation. Methods: Descriptive, exploratory and qualitative research. The population was made up of professors of theoretical-practical subjects of the Nursing program ofUniversity of Santander. The sampling was intentional (selection by criteria). The data collected was processed using the IRAMUTEQ software. Results: The lexical analysis support resulted in two thematic axes, made up of four semantic classes:thematic axis # 1 (quantitative process to be passed), which contains the classes 1 and 2 (evaluation as qualification and feedback process); and thematic axis # 2 (evaluation guidelines), which contain the classes 3 and 4 (student-centered progress and final evaluation of performance). Conclusions: Professors' perception about the evaluation of clinical nursing practice is considered in terms of measurement and qualification (AU)

THE EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT THROUGH THE LENSES OF A PEER MENTORING GROUP FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS / EL ENTORNO EDUCATIVO A TRAVÉS DE LOS LENTES DE UN GRUPO DE TUTORÍA DE PARES PARA ESTUDIANTES DE MÉDICA / O AMBIENTE EDUCACIONAL PELAS LENTES DE UM GRUPO DE MENTORIA ENTRE PARES PARA ESTUDANTES DE MEDICINA

The perception of the learning process is shaped by individual experiences and related to the academic environment. This article aimed to evaluate the perception of the educational environment of medical students linked to the peer-mentoring group GEDAAM (Study Group on Didactics Applied to Medical Learning) at the Federal University of Minas Gerais. The data come from a cross-sectional study with 129 members of GEDAAM. The Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) scale was used to assess the perception of the educational environment. Descriptive and comparative analysis were performed (Chi-square test). For almost all assessed domains, the students' perception was more positive than negative (Global score = 108.41). The longer the length of stay at GEDAAM, the worse the Global perception of the educational environment. It is suggested that participating in GEDAAM contributes to a more critical view of the medical teaching environment. 

La percepción del proceso de aprendizaje está conformada por experiencias individuales y relacionada con el entorno académico. Este artículo tuvo como objetivo evaluar la percepción del entorno educativo de los estudiantes de medicina vinculados al grupo de mentoría entre pares GEDAAM (Grupo de Estudio de Didáctica Aplicada al Aprendizaje de la Medicina) de la Universidad Federal de Minas Gerais. Los datos provienen de un estudio transversal con 129 miembros de GEDAAM. Se utilizó la escala Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) para evaluar la percepción del entorno educativo. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos y comparativos (prueba de Chi-cuadrado). Para casi todos los dominios evaluados, la percepción de los estudiantes fue más positiva que negativa (puntuación global = 108,41). Cuanto más tiempo se pasa en GEDAAM, peor es la percepción global del entorno educativo. Se sugiere que la participación en el GEDAAM contribuya a una visión más crítica del entorno de la enseñanza médica.

A percepção do processo de aprendizagem é moldada por experiências individuais e relacionadas ao meio acadêmico. Este artigo objetivou avaliar a percepção do ambiente educacional de estudantes de medicina ligados ao grupo de mentoria entre pares GEDAAM (Grupo de Estudos em Didática Aplicada ao Aprendizado da Medicina) da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Os dados são provenientes de estudo transversal com 129 membros do GEDAAM. A escala Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) foi utilizada para avaliar a percepção do ambiente educacional. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e comparativas (Teste Qui-quadrado). Para quase todos os Domínios avaliados a percepção dos estudantes foi mais positiva do que negativa (escore Global=108,41). Quanto maior o tempo de permanência no GEDAAM, pior a percepção Global do ambiente educacional. Sugere-se que participar do GEDAAM contribua para uma visão mais crítica do ambiente de ensino de medicina.

Consumo de cigarrillos en estudiantes de Técnico Auxiliar de Enfermería en Teziutlán en tiempos de evaluación / Cigarette smoking among Nursing Assistant students in Teziutlán at times of evaluation

Objetivo: describir el consumo de tabaco en estudiantes de nivel técnico de Enfermería de Teziutlán (Puebla, México) durante el periodo de exámenes. Así mismo se evaluaron diferencias en función del sexo, el tipo de familia y el curso académico.Método: estudio descriptivo transversal realizado en marzo de 2020 en dos escuelas de Enfermería de Teziutlán. Para unan= 936 se estimó una muestra de 460 personas. Se llevó a cabo un muestreo por conveniencia. Se recogieron variables sociodemográficas (edad, sexo, curso académico, tipo de familia) y el cuestionario para la clasificación de consumidores de cigarrillos (C4) para jóvenes que establece cuatro niveles de consumo: bajo, moderado, alto y dependiente. Se realizaron índices de estadística descriptiva y análisis bivariantes.Resultados: participaron 552 estudiantes (media 17 años) de los cuales el 60,8% (n= 336) era fumador [55% de las mujeres (n= 160) y 68% de los hombres (n= 260); p< 0,001]. De ellos el 65% (n= 218) tenía un nivel moderado de consumo. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas(p= 0,001) en el consumo en función del tipo de familia, mayor en monoparentales maternas [47,7% (n= 160)]. No hubo diferencias en el nivel de consumo en función del curso, ni del sexo (p> 0,05).Conclusión: la proporción de estudiantes técnicos de Enfermería que fuman en tiempo de evaluación es alta y superior en hombres que en mujeres. El nivel de consumo (C4) es habitualmente moderado y varía en función del tipo de familia, pero no del curso ni del sexo.(AU)

Objective: to describe the use of tobacco among students of Nursing at technical level in Teziutlán (Puebla, Mexico) during the exam period. Likewise, differences were assessed based on gender, type of family, and academic year.Method: a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted on March, 2020 in two Nursing schools from Teziutlán. A sample of 460 persons was estimated for a n= 936. Convenience sampling was conducted. Sociodemographic variables were collected (age, gender, academic year, type of family), and the questionnaire for classification of cigarette users (C4) for young persons, which determines four levels of use: low, moderate, high, and dependent. Descriptive statistical indexes and bivariate analyses were applied.Results: the study included 552 students (mean 17 years old); 60.8% of them (n= 336) were smokers [55% of women (n= 160) and 68% of men (n= 260); p< 0.001]. Out of these, 65% (n= 218) had a moderate level of use. Statistically significant differences in use (p= 0.001) were found based on type of family: it was higher in those with a single female parent [4.7% (n= 160)]. No differences were found in the level of use based on the academic course or gender (p> 0.05).Conclusion: there is a high proportion of Nursing assistant students who smoke during the time of evaluation, and this is higher among men than in women. The level of use (C4) is typically moderate, and varies based on type of family, but not on academic year or gender.(AU)